动态代理现在基本是Java技术的核心模式,AOP模式的主要实现方式。现在我们使用Spring EJB3 Hibernate等大部分框架都有动态代理在其中,只不过表现方式在使用时并不明显。
JDK本身有提供动态代理的API,但是因为性能或功能不够突出,所以,这些框架就是要专门字节码库Code Generation Library,Code Generation Library,目前主要有CGLib (基于ASM)和Javassist。
现在JDK 6.0版本性能比以前1.4有很大提高,最近我使用这篇文章中Why do you think CGLib proxies are faster than JDK Proxies?的测试代码分别对JDK和CGLib Javassist三个动态代理性能进行了测试,发现惊人的结果,并不是说字节码库性能肯定比JDK快,至少Javassist慢。
JDK与CGLib 测试代码在TSS文章中有,我改为Javassist和JDK测试如下:
public class ProxyPerformanceComparison2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Callable jdkProxy = (Callable)
Proxy.newProxyInstance(ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader(), new Class[] {
Callable.class },
new JdkHandler(new Counter()));
ProxyFactory f = new ProxyFactory();
f.setInterfaces(new Class[] { Callable.class });
Class c = f.createClass();
Callable cglibProxy = (Callable) c.newInstance();
((ProxyObject) cglibProxy).setHandler
(new JavaAssitInterceptor(new Counter()));
for (int i2 = 0; i2 < 10; i2++) {
iterate(jdkProxy, "JDK Proxy: ");
iterate(cglibProxy, "JAVAASSIST: ");
System.err.println();
}
}
static final DecimalFormat format = new DecimalFormat();
static void iterate(Callable callable, String label)
throws Exception {
int count = 10000000;
long time = System.currentTimeMillis();
int total = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
total += callable.call();
}
time = System.currentTimeMillis() - time;
System.err.println(label + format.format
(count * 1000 / time) + " calls/s");
}
static class JdkHandler implements InvocationHandler {
final Object delegate;
JdkHandler(Object delegate) {
this.delegate = delegate;
}
public Object invoke
(Object object, Method method, Object[] objects) throws Throwable {
return method.invoke(delegate, objects);
}
}
static class JavaAssitInterceptor implements MethodHandler {
final Object delegate;
JavaAssitInterceptor(Object delegate) {
this.delegate = delegate;
}
public Object invoke
(Object self, Method m, Method proceed, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
return m.invoke(delegate, args);
}
}
static class Counter implements Callable {
int count = 0;
public Integer call() throws Exception {
return count++;
}
}
}
测试结果如下:
JDK 6和CGLib cglib-nodep-2.2.jar对比结果:
JDK Proxy: 1,049,937 calls/s
CGLIB: 2,820,130 calls/s
如果使用cglib以前版本,性能更快:
JDK Proxy: 1,037,575 calls/s
CGLIB: 3,112,727 calls/s
而JDK 6和JavaAssit 3.11测试结果如下:
JDK Proxy: 1,037,575 calls/s
JAVAASSIST: 626,695 calls/s
JAVAASSIST竟然慢于JDK 6,惊人。
要命的是,Hibernate 3.3以后版本使用JavaAssit,因为两家都是JBoss公司的缘故吧,http://opensource.atlassian.com/projects/hibernate/browse/HHH-2506,看来Hibernate这个好东西被收购后,开始有问题了。
Tapstry5也是使用JAVAASSIST,Javassist vs. Every Other Bytecode Library Out There
优化性能的每一步,点点积累,就会形成大效果。